Political Science Class 11 English

  CBSE Class 11 Political Science Chapter-18 Secularism Revision Notes The word 'Dharma' has been derived from Sanskrit refer to adopt alongwith the basic principle to do welfare of all. Secularism refers equal respect for all religions, i.e. the state does not profess any religion and treats all the religions at par. Originally, India was not declared a secular state, the word secular was added by the 42nd Amendment Act. The Indian Constitution declares that every Indian citizen has a right to live with freedom and dignity in any part of the country. Secularism refers that political system and administration should be based upon a secular ideology to leave the task of coordination among the different religions and bring unity among them through voluntary social organisation. Religion and beliefs are considered as a personal matter, hence, state should have no interference in it. India is a secular state because India is impartial in religious matters, all citizens enjoy freedo...

  CBSE Class 11 Political Science Chapter-19 Peace Revision Notes Peace is often defined as an absence of war and nations establish the relations with each other in a peaceful and harmonious way to achieve progress in the world. And other one, Peace would be to see it as absence of violent conflict of all kinds including war, riot, massacre, assassination, or simply physical attack. Terrorism is a hindrance in the peace of some nations to be violent and unlawful to achieve the desired goals by terrorists. To maintain peace, some nations have adopted disarmament as a policy to stop the manufacturing and storage of deadly war weapons. India has followed the policy of non-alignment and settled international disputes through peaceful methods and cooperation. The 19th century German philosopher, Friedrich Nietzsche did not value peace because he believed that only conflict could facilitate growth of civilisation. The non-violence refers not to injure anything on the earth in thought, wo...

  CBSE Class 11 Political Science Chapter-20  Development Revision Notes The idea of development became a main concern after the industrial revolution.  Development refers to the achievement of social and economic progress by transforming conditions of underdevelopment as low productivity, stagnation and poverty.  In the broadest sense of the term, development conveys the ideas of improvement, progress, well-being and an aspiration for a better life Development cannot be understood as only in economic terms but it can place also in social and political terms.  Development bears the different approaches also like psychological, human needs development, dependency, Gandhian and market-friendly approaches, etc. In India a series of Five Year Plans for development were made starting from the 1950s, and these included a number of mega projects such as the Bhakra Nangal Dam, setting up steel plants in different parts of the country, mining, fertilizer production and i...